FRS/GMRS radios are the go-to radios for most intra-team NET communication. Every NET member should have one in their go-kit. Here’s what you need to know about the world of FRS/GMRS to be an effective (and legal) FRS/GMRS operator. There is also some buying advice for those who still need to get their radio.
The Services
FRS and GMRS are two overlapping radio services defined by the FCC.
FRS (Family Radio Service) is free, and no license is required. It offers a short range of operation due to low power and antenna restrictions.
GMRS (General Mobile Radio Service) covers a much farther range through higher power and the options of external antennas and repeater operation. However, it requires a license. The license is $65 for 5 years with a simple, online application. There is no exam. The license covers your entire “family.”
The services have 22 channels – some are shared and some are exclusive for the particular service.
Being Legal
It is your responsibility to operate your radio in a legal manner.
- If you do not have a GMRS license, you may only operate on channels 1-14 and only with low power.
- If you have a GMRS license, you may operate on any of the 22 channels with the maximum power shown on the chart.
Each NET team is assigned a channel from 2-7. Channel 1 is informally recognized as a national calling channel for emergencies. Using the shared FRS/GMRS channels allows for teams to have both unlicensed and licensed team members. The non-licensed members are restricted to low power while the licensed members may use higher power.
Ninety-nine percent of today’s consumer handheld radios cover both services. The exceptions are GMRS-only radios which we’ll cover below. All of the dual-service radios automatically reduce power on the FRS-only channels 8-14. On the shared FRS/GMRS channels 1-7 however it is the user’s responsibility to use low power if they are not licensed. While it is simple to do, each manufacture has a different way to do this. Some radios (newer Motorola models) have two PTT (Push-To-Talk) buttons – one for low power and one for high power. Nice and simple. Other radios (Midland, et al) have a menu option to set power level on a channel-by-channel basis. It seems that these radios come from the factory with the default power level set to high. If you are not licensed, you will need to consult your radio manual on how to reduce power on the shared channels.
One caveat: A few older dual-service radios do not have the ability to reduce power on the shared FRS/GMRS channels. Unfortunately, this renders the radio useable to GMRS-licensed members only. If you think you may have one of these radios, your team ARO may be able to help you check if you are concerned.
Of course, in an emergency involving the threat of life safety or imminent property damage, you may operate on any channel with any power level.
The Ideal Radio
Manufacturers offer a huge range of FRS/GMRS radios. The choice is staggering and the selection seems to change monthly as models come and go. Prices range from $25 to $150. How to choose? While Portland NET cannot officially recommend any particular radio, the RTL (Radio Training Liaisons) have pooled our collective wisdom and come up with the following suggested feature set and a list of radios that come close to meeting them.
Suggested features:
- Supports both low and high power
- Weather resistant or waterproof
- Supports multiple battery options, particularly AAs
- Includes earbud/mic
- Desktop charger
- FM and NOAA reception
- Repeater capable
| Motorola T4xx/T6xx series | Motorola MS350R/MS355R | Midland GXT series | |
| Supports low/high power | yes | yes | yes |
| Weather-resistant or waterproof | T4xx weather-resistant T6xx waterproof |
Waterproof | Weather-resistant |
| Supports AA batteries | yes | yes | yes |
| Includes earbud/mic | T465 only | MS355R | yes |
| Desktop charger | T480 Others use wallwart |
yes | yes |
| FM and NOAA reception | T480 FM+NOAA Others NOAA |
NOAA | NOAA |
| Repeater capable | no | yes | no |
The GMRS-Only Option
As of late 2016, there are two GMRS-only radios. Basically, a GMRS-only radio gives up the ability to transmit on the FRS-only channels (7-14) but retains the shared FRS/GMRS channels and gains the options of higher power and use of an external antenna. Both can significantly increase the available range and could be useful for teams needing more geographic coverage.
The Midland MXT100 is a mobile GMRS-only radio with five watts and a magnetic-mount external antenna. It does not contain batteries but uses a cig-lighter plug for powering off a vehicle 12v system. The radio is quite small and includes a quick release bracket for easy vehicle changes. Here’s a link to an earlier, more detailed NET review.
The BTech/Baofeng GMRS-V1 is a handheld GMRS-only radio. It has the ability to transmit on any GMRS channel including GMRS repeaters. It can also be programmed to receive VHF/UHF ham, public service, NOAA, and FM broadcasts. It has a replaceable antenna. It is also a 5-watt radio. Many battery, antenna, and earbud/mic options are available.
What About the Baofeng UV-5R and Their Ilk?
As they say, “It’s complicated.” Basically, the UV-5R is not FCC accepted for either FRS or GMRS. While it is possible to program the UV-5R to transmit on FRS/GMRS frequencies, it is illegal to transmit on those channels except during an emergency. That little caveat is why many NET AROs have a UV-5R in the radio stash. NET AROs can use the UV-5R as their ham handheld and monitor FRS/GMRS channels at the same time. They typically have a regular dual-service FRS/GMRS handheld for transmitting on the channels. If push came to shove in an emergency, they could use the UV-5R for FRS/GMRS as well as ham.
GMRS Repeater Notes
The FCC allows for repeaters in the GMRS service. A GMRS repeater can dramatically increase the coverage area. There are currently no GMRS repeaters in the Portland area although several NET teams in geographically challenging areas are considering them. If anyone is interested in the topic, a good resource is myGMRS.
Written by: John Beaston, Overlook NET, K7TY, k7ty@arrl.net